people from overseas visited Australia

There is one line graph and one table shown below. The line graph shows how many times people from overseas visited Australia annually. The table illustrates the visitor’s country of origin (where they come from).

Starting with the line graph, in 1975 Australia had few visitors, approximately 10 million, and then the visitors started to increase more in 1985 which reached approximately 15 million. From years 1985 to 1995 it had the highest rate of visitors which increased rapidly to approximately 24 million. Finally, from 1995 to 2005 it reached its maximum visits by overseas which was nearly 30 million?

Going to the table, japan had the highest number of visitors in 1975 which was 3.2 million and for year 2005 also japan had the highest number of visitors. South Korea had the second highest number of visitors in 1975 and in 2005. Europe accounted for had the third highest number of visitors which was 1.1 million, and also in 2005 which was 4.5 million. USA, Britain were almost the same in number of visitors in year 1975 and the difference was only 0.5, but for Britain it was a bit higher than USA 2.9 million for Britain, and 1.1 million for USA. China had the lowest number of visitors in both years which was 0.3 million in 1975 and 0.8 million in 2005.

Finally, the line graph indicates how many times visitors visited Australia annually, and the highest trend was in between 1985 to 2005. While for the table it shows the number of countries that came from.

difference of age group of students for study

There are two bar charts; the first bar chart illustrates the difference age groups of students and their main reasons for study. Much second bar chart illustrates their amount of support they have received from employers in the UK.

Comparing the first and second bar chart, career under 26 had the highest % of people main study of careers, while for interest it had the lowest % of all ages. For employers supporting, the under 26 had the highest % of support. For under 26-29 and 30-39 had a huge difference in % of careers and interest, but with the employers supporting, there was a small difference between them which was approximately 18% difference. Yet, for 40-49, regarding the career and interest, they were both the same with 40%, while for the % of supporting the student; it was nearly the same as ages between 30-39, which was 38%. Lastly, over 49 careers had the lowest % while for interest it was approximately 70%.

Finally, these two bar charts indicate the difference of ages of students to study, while for the other bar chart it illustrates how students received support from employers in the UK.

The sales in downtown american district

The table below illustrates a small restaurant that has sales in a downtown American business district from the 7^th – 13^th of October. The highest sales for lunch was on Wednesday which was $2595, and the lowest sales for dinner was on Saturday which was $2900.

Starting with lunch, Wednesday had the highest sales in a small restaurant which was $2595. On Friday, the sales were almost the same as Wednesday and they were close to each other around $2375. Monday had almost the same sales as Tuesday, but with a small difference of $50, sales on Tuesday were $2450 and Monday sales were $2400. Thursday sales were very high and very close to Wednesday which is $2500. Saturday sales were the lowest of all days which was $1950, and Sunday is a day off without sales. With dinner, Tuesday and Thursday had almost the same sales of $3850 to Tuesday and Thursday for $3800. For Monday and Wednesday were almost the same and $3623 for Monday, and $3445 for Wednesday. Friday had the highest sales through the week which was approximately $4350, while Saturday had the lowest sales which was approximately $2900. Sunday had a day off without sales.

Finally, for the lunch and dinner sales Wednesday had the highest sales, and Tuesday for dinner, while for the lowest sales for lunch Saturday had $1950 and also Saturday for dinner had $2900.

currencies

These days, people think that it would be a lot easier to trade in single, global currency. Some people agree by using this method because they think it’s a lot easier for them to use one single currency. However, other people disagree, because they like to depend on other currencies to help them sometimes in stock market rather than having one global currency. In this essay I am going to examine the argument for and against a global currency.

Many people like to depend on one single global currency. They like that when they have or use global currency it’s a lot easier for them to trade with. For example, if a person is going to France and Germany it’s a lot easier for him to trade with, and depend all the time on one currency rather than going to an exchanger all the time and wasting time. Another people, is that some people are confused about different currencies. In other words, it means that a person should carry one global currency which is known in the country which he is going to rather than carrying two currencies which will confuse him.

However, other people disagree with using only one single global currency. They like to use different currencies in order to take the advantage of the currency and then he can sell the currency with high rates to take the advantage rather than using one currency. For example, when a person is going to Germany, he can take euro and dollar because he knows that when buying he is using euro, but with the dollar he will use it as a weapon in order to take very high rates of euro when exchanging dollar.

Finally, some people would use one single currency that will help their life’s instead of other people that like to use different currencies in order to take the advantage of the currency which will help them in their travel

competitive and cooperative pictures

cooperative and competitive

Although cooperation and competition is a good thing, some people have some problems with either ones or both. Some people think that to be competitive is a good thing because it helps the person all the time to be active and sometimes independent. However, other people agree that being cooperative helps them during studying or during work to be working together. In this essay, I am going to examine the argument for and against cooperative and competition.

People these days like to be competitive than others in order to show that they are better than other people. They like to think that way because if they focused on this thing, they will be proud in front of in school or college is a very competitive thing to do because if the person focused on just one thing he will be famous and having a lot of certificates which he will be proud in front of his parents. Another example is playing and competing in marathon. Most people depend on this thing rather than being competitive in school because they are very active. For example, people who are very active, can win the marathon and be very competitive during his life. Although some people depend on competing yet, there are some people who hate competition because they think that it needs a lot of work or effort to do. For example, if a person in college is cooperative rather than being competitive because there are many hard subjects with which a person needs help. However, other people like to concentrate on their work and be more cooperative with people. For example, in college or school there are many hard subjects that doesn’t only need self-studying at home, but if also needs someone who can help this person to understand the subject clearly. Another example, is instead of being competitive during marathons, a person can help others or teach them some skills in order to be more efficient.

Finally, there are many arguments about competing and cooperating and people should start thinking well about others in order to help them, because if they did not then it is unbalanced and unfair for many people around the world.

healthy food = healthy life. argument essay

                These days, many people say that in order to have a good healthy life, he/she must have a balanced diet. Some people agree with this point, others do not. This essay will explain the argument for and against eating a healthy meal is the key for a healthy life.

                Some people agree only to eat balance food or meals in order to have a healthy life. People are doing this because maybe they don’t have enough time to exercise or they don’t want to quit smoking because it helps them to relax. For example, a person having two or three jobs a day he/she will be very busy during his work and they do not have enough time to exercise, so he/she just eat healthy food to have a healthy life, or some people they don’t like to exercise because they are not in the mood every time so they prefer only eating healthy food.

                Other people disagree on just depending on balance diet in order to have a healthy life. Although people are working a lot, they have some breaks to take during work so while taking or using the break time, they can go to exercise by going to the GYM because many people said that what if a person likes to eat a lot as if it’s one of his habits he will become fat and the person will have lots of diseases that will prevent the person to do anything and their lives are over. For example, if a person likes to eat a lot he can eat, but they have to burn it in the GYM or by swimming. Some people take special tablets to lose weight, but this is wrong they have to go to the GYM, swimming or playing different types of sports to burn the food which they eat to have a good healthy life.

                Finally, people should care about themselves by playing different types of sports in order to have a healthy life because if people only started thinking by eating only healthy food without exercising, then this will affect their body in the future.

writing assesment

television news

The gas turbine engine project

TURBINE ENGINE

                               

ü  Course name: N124

ü  Section : CFA

ü  Done by : Hazem Al-Moosa

ü  ID: H0157824

ü  Submitted to Mr: Hedley butterfield

ü  Date of submission:  10 / 01/ 2012

Basic turbine engine

In these days, an airplane without any turbine engines,  can be said to be useless.

 What is a gas turbine engine? A gas turbine engine is a huge system or machine that

helps the aircraft in 2 things which are: producing thrust for the aircraft in order for the

aircraft to move, and supplying electrical and pneumatic power. Although some people

can use an aircraft as a glider (without a turbine engine), the aircraft would not be as

efficient as with a turbine engine.

History of the turbine engine

A Greek philosopher and mathematician invented a toy that rotated on top of a boiling tub of water. This caused a reaction effect of hot air or steam that moved several nozzles arranged on a wheel. This works when one understands the Third Law of Motion - every action produces an equal and opposite reaction (equal in force and opposite in direction).

Simple gas turbine theory

The three main sections of a gas turbine engine are: a compressor, a combustor, and a

power turbine. The gas-turbine operates on the principle of the Brayton cycle, where

compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure conditions. The

 resulting hot gas is allowed to expand through a turbine to achieve work. In a 33%

 efficient gas-turbine , approximately 2 / 3 of this work is spent compressing the air ; the

other is available for other work, for example, mechanical drive, and electrical generation.



(James , Harry. Turbine Engines 26 Nov. 2006)

                           

Parts of the gas turbine engine

In general and in more detailed, there are 5 sections of a gas turbine engine which are:

1.    Fan

2.    Compressor

3.    Combustion or combustor

4.    Turbine

5.    Exhaust or nozzle

1.      FAN

Fan - the fan is the first component in a turbofan. The large spinning fan sucks in large quantities of air. Most blades of the fan are made of titanium. It then speeds this air up and splits it into two parts. One part continues through the core or center of the jet engine, where it is acted upon by the other jet engine components.

The second part "bypasses" the core of the jet engine. It goes through a duct that surrounds the core to the back of the jet engine where it produces much of the force that propels the airplane forward. This cooler air helps to reduce the noise of the jet engine as well as adding thrust to the jet engine.

(A, I.E. Turbine Engines 6 Jan. 2012)

2.      COMPRESSOR

Compressor - the compressor is the first component in the jet engine core. The compressor is made up of fans with many blades attached to a shaft. The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into progressively smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure. This results in an increase in the energy potential of the air. The squashed air is forced into the combustion chamber.

3.      COMBUSTION

Combustor - in the combustor the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. There are as many as 20 nozzles to spray fuel into the airstream. The mixture of air and fuel catches fire. This provides a high temperature, high-energy airflow. The fuel burns with the oxygen in the compressed air, producing hot expanding gases. The inside of the combustor is often made of ceramic material to provide a heat-resistant chamber. The heat can reach 2700°.

4.      TURBINE

Turbine - the high-energy airflow coming out of the combustor goes into the turbine, causing the turbine blades to rotate. The turbines are linked by a shaft to turn the blades in the compressor and to spin the intake fan at the front. This rotation takes some energy from the high-energy flow that is used to drive the fan and the compressor. The gases produced in the combustion chamber move through the turbine and spin its blades. The turbines of the jet spin around thousands of times. They are fixed on shafts which have several sets of ball-bearings in between them.

(Navigator , Solar. Jet Engine 9 Jan . 2012)

5.      EXHAUST (NOZZLE)

Nozzle - the nozzle is the exhaust duct of the jet engine. This is the jet engine part which actually produces the thrust for the plane. The energy depleted airflow that passed the turbine, in addition to the colder air that bypassed the engine core, produces a force when exiting the nozzle that acts to propel the engine, and therefore the airplane, forward. The combination of the hot air and cold air are expelled and produce an exhaust, which causes a forward thrust. The nozzle may be preceded by a mixer, which combines the high temperature air coming from the jet engine core with the lower temperature air that was bypassed in the fan. The mixer helps to make the jet engine quieter.

Pneumatic and electrical supplies

Many people think that a turbine engine produces only thrust for the aircraft, and at the same time they think that an aircraft takes the electrical power from the battery. This idea is absolutely wrong. Although we have a battery in an aircraft, this battery is used only for emergency which means that we get the electrical supply power from the generator which is connected to the turbine engine on the aircraft. Around the fan there are small pieces of metal ( metal coils) which are connected to the generator , so when the fan rotates a very fast current will be induced to these coils and supply an electrical power to the whole aircraft , unless  the generator fails then the pilot can switch to battery supply and the pilot can use it temporarily.  Not only the electrical power is important in an aircraft but also pneumatic power which we can also get it from the gas turbine engine. When the fan rotates it sucks air. In order for the aircraft to fly without producing too much noise from the engine, the engine takes only from 20 – 25 % of the total air and allows it to go to the core of the engine to be burned with fuel. The other 70 – 75 % of the air by –passes the engine, this air is like extra for the engine and it doesn’t want it, so the pneumatic air takes it and starts to supply it into the cabin, emergency masks , control systems etc. So without these 2 supplies it’s going to be very hard for the cabin crew, passengers and the pilot to withstand this problem.

Bibliography

1.       Navigator, Solar. "Jet Engines." Www.solarnavigator.net . 22 May 2006. Web. 9 Jan. 2012.

2.       A, I.E. "Gas Turbine Engines." Www.experimentalaircraft.info . 11 Jan. 2006. Web. 6 Jan. 2012.

3.       James , Harry. “Turbine Engines.” Www.free-online-private-pilot-ground-school.com . 26 Nov. 2006. Web. 10 Jan. 2012